Uphuhliso lwetekhnoloji yonxibelelwano lwe-quantum eTshayina luye lwaqhubeka ngamanqanaba aliqela. Ukususela kwisigaba sophando nophando ngo-1995, ngonyaka ka-2000, iTshayina yayisele igqibile uvavanyo lokusasazwa kwe-quantum key oluthatha i-1.1 km. Ixesha elisusela ngo-2001 ukuya ku-2005 yayilinqanaba lophuhliso olukhawulezileyo apho iimvavanyo zokusasazwa kwe-quantum key eziphumeleleyo kumgama we-50 km kunye ne-125 km zenziwa [1].
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iTshayina yenze inkqubela phambili ebalulekileyo kunxibelelwano lwe-quantum. ITshayina yaba yeyokuqala ukuqalisa isathelayithi yovavanyo lwesayensi ye-quantum, "iMicius," kwaye yakhe umgca wonxibelelwano olukhuselekileyo lwe-quantum ogubungela amawaka eekhilomitha phakathi kweBeijing neShanghai. ITshayina yakha ngempumelelo inethiwekhi yonxibelelwano lwe-quantum edibeneyo ukusuka emhlabeni ukuya esibhakabhakeni enobude obupheleleyo beekhilomitha ezingama-4600. Ukongeza koku, iTshayina ikwaphumelele kwinkqubela phambili ephawulekayo kwi-quantum computing. Umzekelo, iTshayina iphuhlise i-prototype yokuqala yehlabathi yekhompyutha ye-photonic quantum, yakha ngempumelelo i-prototype ye-quantum computing "iJiuzhang" ene-photons ezingama-76, kwaye yakha ngempumelelo i-prototype ye-quantum computing "iZu Chongzhi" enokucwangciswa equlethe ii-qubits ezingama-62.
Ukusetyenziswa kwe-passive component kwiinkqubo zonxibelelwano lwe-quantum kubaluleke kakhulu. Umzekelo, izixhobo ezinje ngee-microwave attenuators, ii-directional couplers, ii-power dividers, ii-microwave filters, ii-phase shifters, kunye nee-microwave isolators zingasetyenziswa. Ezi zixhobo zisetyenziselwa ikakhulu ukucubungula nokulawula imiqondiso ye-microwave eyenziwe zii-quantum bits.
Izithinteli ze-microwave zinokunciphisa amandla ezibonakaliso ze-microwave ukuthintela ukuphazamiseka kwezinye iindawo zenkqubo ngenxa yamandla amaninzi ezibonakaliso. Izihlanganisi ezikhokelayo zingahlulahlula iimpawu ze-microwave zibe ngamacandelo amabini, okwenza kube lula ukucutshungulwa kwezibonakaliso ezinzima ngakumbi. Izihluzi ze-microwave zinokuhluza iimpawu zefrikhwensi ethile yokuhlalutya kunye nokucubungula izibonakaliso. Izitshintshi zesigaba zinokutshintsha isigaba sezibonakaliso ze-microwave, ezisetyenziselwa ukulawula imeko yeebhithi ze-quantum. Izihlukanisi ze-microwave zinokuqinisekisa ukuba iimpawu ze-microwave zisasazeka kwicala elinye kuphela, zithintela ukubuyela kwesignali kunye nokuphazamiseka kwenkqubo.
Nangona kunjalo, ezi ziyinxalenye nje yezinto ze-microwave ezingasetyenziswayo ezingasetyenziswa kunxibelelwano lwe-quantum. Izinto ezithile eziza kusetyenziswa kuya kufuneka zimiselwe ngokusekelwe kuyilo kunye neemfuno zenkqubo ethile yonxibelelwano lwe-quantum.
Ingcamango ibonelela ngoluhlu olupheleleyo lwezinto ze-microwave ezingasebenziyo zonxibelelwano lwe-quantum
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Ixesha lokuthumela: Juni-01-2023