Uthini umahluko phakathi kwe-4G kunye ne-5G iteknoloji

I-3G - isizukulwana sesithathu sothungelwano lweselula siye sayiguqula indlela esinxibelelana ngayo sisebenzisa izixhobo eziphathwayo. Uthungelwano lwe-4G luphuculwe ngamazinga angcono kakhulu edatha kunye namava omsebenzisi. I-5G iya kukwazi ukubonelela nge-broadband yeselula ukuya kwi-gigabits ye-10 ngesekhondi kwi-latency ephantsi yee-millisecond ezimbalwa.
Nguwuphi umahluko omkhulu phakathi kwe-4G kunye ne-5G?
Isantya
Xa kufikwa kwi-5G, isantya yinto yokuqala wonke umntu oyonwabileyo ngetekhnoloji. Itekhnoloji ephucukileyo ye-LTE inakho ukulinganisa idatha ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1 GBPS kwiinethiwekhi ze-4G. Ithekhnoloji ye-5G iya kuxhasa izinga ledatha ukuya kwi-5 ukuya kwi-10 GBPS kwizixhobo eziphathwayo nangaphezulu kwe-20 GBPS ngexesha lokuvavanya.

I-5G inokuxhasa izicelo ezinzulu zedatha njenge-4K HD ukusasazwa kwe-multimedia, i-augmented reality (AR) kunye ne-virtual reality (VR) izicelo. Ngaphezu koko, ngokusetyenziswa kwamaza e-millimeter, izinga ledatha linganyuswa ngaphezu kwe-40 GBPS kunye nokuya kuthi ga kwi-100 GBPS kwiinethiwekhi ze-5G ezizayo.

Amaza e-Millimeter ane-bandwidth ebanzi kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa neebhendi ze-bandwidth ezisezantsi ezisetyenziswa kwiitekhnoloji ze-4G. Nge-bandwidth ephezulu, inqanaba eliphezulu ledatha linokufezekiswa.
Ukubambezeleka
I-Latency ligama elisetyenziswa kubuchwepheshe benethiwekhi ukulinganisa ukulibaziseka kweepakethi zesignali ezifikelela kwindawo enye ukuya kwenye. Kuthungelwano oluphathwayo, lunokuchazwa njengexesha elithathwa yimiqondiso yerediyo ukuhamba ukusuka kwisikhululo esisezantsi ukuya kwizixhobo eziphathwayo (UE) nangokuphendululekileyo.

I-Latency yenethiwekhi ye-4G ikuluhlu lwe-200 ukuya kwi-100 milliseconds. Ngethuba lovavanyo lwe-5G, iinjineli ziye zakwazi ukufezekisa kwaye zibonise i-latency ephantsi ye-1 ukuya kwi-3 milliseconds. I-latency ephantsi ibaluleke kakhulu kwizicelo ezininzi ezibalulekileyo ze-mission kwaye ngoko iteknoloji ye-5G ifanelekile kwizicelo ezisezantsi.
Umzekelo: iimoto eziziqhubayo, utyando olukude, ukusebenza ngedrone njl.
Ubuchwephesha obukwinqanaba eliphezulu

Ukuze kuphunyezwe iinkonzo ze-latency ezikhawulezayo nezisezantsi, i-5G kufuneka isebenzise isigama senethiwekhi ephucukileyo njengamaza e-millimeter, i-MIMO, i-beamforming, isixhobo ukuya kunxibelelwano lwesixhobo kunye nemowudi ye-duplex epheleleyo.
Ukukhutshwa kwe-Wi-Fi kukwayenye indlela ecetyisiweyo kwi-5G yokwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwedatha kunye nokunciphisa umthwalo kwizikhululo ezisisiseko. Izixhobo eziphathwayo zinokuqhagamshela kwi-LAN engenazingcingo ekhoyo kwaye yenze yonke imisebenzi (ilizwi kunye nedatha) endaweni yokuxhuma kwizitishi ezisisiseko.
I-4G kunye ne-LTE iteknoloji ephezulu isebenzisa iindlela zokumodareyitha ezifana ne-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) kunye ne-Quadrature Phase-Shift Keying (QPSK). Ukuze unqobe ezinye izithintelo kwiiskimu ze-4G zokumodareyitha, i-Amplitude ye-Amplitude ye-Phase-Shift Keying ye-Amplitude ephezulu yindlela yokuqwalaselwa kwe-teknoloji ye-5G.
Uyilo lwenethiwekhi
Kwizizukulwana zangaphambili zothungelwano oluphathwayo, iiNethiwekhi zokuFikelela kwiRadio zibekwe kufutshane nesikhululo esisisiseko. Ii-RAN zemveli zintsonkothile, iziseko ezingundoqo ezifunwayo, ukugcinwa kwamaxesha athile kunye nokusebenza okulinganiselweyo.

Itekhnoloji ye-5G iya kusebenzisa i-Cloud Radio Access Network (C-RAN) ukuze isebenze kakuhle. Abaqhubi benethiwekhi banokubonelela nge-intanethi ekhawulezayo kakhulu ukusuka kwinethiwekhi yofikelelo lwerediyo yamafu.
I-Intanethi yezinto
I-Intanethi yeZinto lelinye igama elikhulu elihlala lixoxwa ngetekhnoloji ye-5G. I-5G iya kudibanisa iibhiliyoni zezixhobo kunye ne-smart sensors kwi-intanethi. Ngokungafaniyo netekhnoloji ye-4G, inethiwekhi ye-5G iya kuba nakho ukuphatha umthamo omkhulu wedatha kwizicelo ezininzi ezinje ngekhaya elihlakaniphile, i-IoT yoshishino, ukhathalelo lwezempilo oluhlakaniphile, izixeko ezihlakaniphile njl.

Olunye usetyenziso olukhulu lwe-5G ngumatshini kumatshini wohlobo lonxibelelwano. Izithuthi ezizimelayo ziya kulawula iindlela zexesha elizayo ngoncedo lweenkonzo ze-5G ezisezantsi.
I-Narrow Band - I-intanethi yezinto (i-NB - IoT) izicelo ezifana nezibane ezihlakaniphile, iimitha ezihlakaniphile, kunye nezisombululo zokupaka ezihlakaniphile, imephu yemozulu iya kusetyenziswa kusetyenziswa inethiwekhi ye-5G.
Izisombululo ezithembekileyo eziphezulu
Xa kuthelekiswa ne-4G, izixhobo ze-5G zexesha elizayo ziya kunika izisombululo ezihlala zixhunyiwe, ezinokwethenjelwa kakhulu kunye nezisebenzayo. I-Qualcomm isandula ukutyhila imodem yabo ye-5G yezixhobo ezihlakaniphile kunye neekhompyuter zabo ezizayo.

I-5G iya kukwazi ukuphatha umthamo omkhulu wedatha ukusuka kwiibhiliyoni zezixhobo kwaye inethwekhi iyakwazi ukuphuculwa. I-4G kunye neenethiwekhi ze-LTE zangoku zinomda ngokubhekiselele kumthamo wedatha, isantya, i-latency kunye nenethiwekhi yokulinganisa. Ubuchwephesha be-5G buya kukwazi ukujongana nale miba kwaye banike izisombululo zeendleko ezisebenzayo kubanikezeli benkonzo kunye nabasebenzisi bokugqibela.