I-3G – inethiwekhi yeselula yesizukulwana sesithathu itshintshe indlela esinxibelelana ngayo sisebenzisa izixhobo eziphathwayo. Iinethiwekhi ze-4G ziphuculwe ngamanqanaba edatha angcono kakhulu kunye namava omsebenzisi. I-5G iya kukwazi ukubonelela nge-broadband yeselula ukuya kuthi ga kwi-10 gigabits ngomzuzwana ngexesha eliphantsi lee-milliseconds ezimbalwa.
Yintoni umahluko omkhulu phakathi kwe-4G kunye ne-5G?
Isantya
Xa kufikwa kwi-5G, isantya yinto yokuqala evuyisa wonke umntu ngobuchwepheshe. Ubuchwepheshe obuphambili be-LTE buyakwazi ukukala idatha ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1 GBPS kwiinethiwekhi ze-4G. Ubuchwepheshe be-5G buza kuxhasa ukukala kwedatha ukuya kuthi ga kwi-5 ukuya kwi-10 GBPS kwizixhobo eziphathwayo nangaphezulu kwe-20 GBPS ngexesha lovavanyo.
I-5G inokuxhasa usetyenziso olusebenzisa idatha eninzi olufana nokusasazwa kwe-4K HD multimedia, i-augmented reality (AR) kunye ne-virtual reality (VR). Ngaphezu koko, ngokusebenzisa amaza e-millimeter, izinga ledatha linokonyuswa ngaphezulu kwe-40 GBPS kwaye lide liye kuthi ga kwi-100 GBPS kwiinethiwekhi ze-5G ezizayo.
Amaza e-millimeter ane-bandwidth ebanzi kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa neebhendi ze-bandwidth eziphantsi ezisetyenziswa kubuchwepheshe be-4G. Nge-bandwidth ephezulu, izinga ledatha liphezulu.
Ubambezelo
I-Latency ligama elisetyenziswa kwitekhnoloji yenethiwekhi ukulinganisa ukulibaziseka kweepakethi zesignali ezifikelela kwi-node enye ukuya kwenye. Kwiinethiwekhi zeselula, inokuchazwa njengexesha elithathwa ziisignali zerediyo ukuhamba ukusuka kwisikhululo sesiseko ukuya kwizixhobo zeselula (UE) kunye nokunye.
Ubambelelo lwenethiwekhi ye-4G luphakathi kwee-millisecond ezingama-200 ukuya kwi-100. Ngexesha lovavanyo lwe-5G, iinjineli zikwazile ukufikelela nokubonisa ukubambezeleka okuphantsi kwe-millisecond e-1 ukuya kwi-3. Ubambelelo oluphantsi lubaluleke kakhulu kwizicelo ezininzi ezibalulekileyo zemisebenzi kwaye ke ngoko itekhnoloji ye-5G ifanelekile kwizicelo ezibambezeleka okuphantsi.
Umzekelo: iimoto eziziqhubayo, utyando olukude, ukusebenza kweedrone njl.njl.…
Ubuchwepheshe obuPhambili
Ukuze kufezekiswe iinkonzo ze-ultra-fast and low latency, i-5G kufuneka isebenzise amagama aphambili enethiwekhi afana namaza e-millimeter, i-MIMO, i-beamforming, unxibelelwano lwesixhobo ukusuka kwesinye isixhobo ukuya kwesinye kunye nemodi epheleleyo ye-duplex.
Ukukhupha i-Wi-Fi kukwayindlela ecetyiswayo kwi-5G yokwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwedatha nokunciphisa umthwalo kwizikhululo zesiseko. Izixhobo eziphathwayo zinokuqhagamshela kwi-LAN engenazingcingo ekhoyo kwaye zenze yonke imisebenzi (ilizwi kunye nedatha) endaweni yokuxhuma kwizikhululo zesiseko.
Itekhnoloji ephucukileyo ye-4G kunye ne-LTE isebenzisa iindlela zokuguqula ezifana ne-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) kunye ne-Quadrature Phase-Shift Keying (QPSK). Ukuze koyiswe ezinye zezithintelo kwiinkqubo zokuguqula ze-4G, indlela yokuguqula i-Amplitude Phase-Shift Keying yesimo esiphezulu yenye yezinto eziqwalaselwayo kwitekhnoloji ye-5G.
Uyilo lwenethiwekhi
Kwizizukulwana zangaphambili zeenethiwekhi eziphathwayo, iiRadio Access Networks zikufutshane nesikhululo seenqwelo-moya. IiRAN zemveli ziyinkimbinkimbi, zifuna iziseko zophuhliso ezibizayo, zigcinwa zisemgangathweni rhoqo kwaye azinamsebenzi.
Itekhnoloji ye-5G iza kusebenzisa i-Cloud Radio Access Network (C-RAN) ukuze isebenze kakuhle. Abaqhubi benethiwekhi banokubonelela nge-intanethi ekhawulezayo kakhulu esuka kwinethiwekhi yokufikelela kwirediyo esekwe kwilifu.
I-intanethi yezinto
I-intanethi yezinto lelinye igama elikhulu elihlala lixutyushwa ngetekhnoloji ye-5G. I-5G iya kudibanisa izigidigidi zezixhobo kunye nee-smart sensors kwi-intanethi. Ngokungafaniyo netekhnoloji ye-4G, inethiwekhi ye-5G iya kukwazi ukuphatha ivolumu enkulu yedatha evela kwii-apps ezininzi ezifana nekhaya elihlakaniphileyo, i-IoT yemizi-mveliso, ukhathalelo lwempilo olukrelekrele, izixeko ezikrelekrele njl.njl.…
Esinye isicelo esiphambili se-5G kukunxibelelana koomatshini. Izithuthi ezizimeleyo ziya kulawula iindlela zexesha elizayo ngoncedo lweenkonzo ze-5G ezikhawulezayo nezisezantsi.
Izicelo zeNarrow Band – Internet of Things (NB – IoT) ezifana nokukhanyisa okukrelekrele, iimitha ezikrelekrele, kunye nezisombululo zokupaka ezikrelekrele, imephu yemozulu iya kusetyenziswa inethiwekhi ye-5G.
Izisombululo ezithembekileyo kakhulu
Xa kuthelekiswa ne-4G, izixhobo ze-5G zexesha elizayo ziya kubonelela ngezisombululo ezihlala ziqhagamshelwe, ezithembeke kakhulu nezisebenza kakuhle kakhulu. I-Qualcomm isandula ukuveza imodem yayo ye-5G yezixhobo ezikrelekrele kunye neekhompyutha zobuqu zexesha elizayo.
I-5G iya kukwazi ukusingatha umthamo omkhulu wedatha ovela kwiibhiliyoni zezixhobo kwaye inethiwekhi inokulinganiswa ukuze iphuculwe. Iinethiwekhi ze-4G kunye ne-LTE zangoku zinomda ngokwemida yedatha, isantya, ukubambezeleka kunye nokulinganiswa kwenethiwekhi. Iitekhnoloji ze-5G ziya kukwazi ukujongana nale micimbi kwaye zibonelele ngezisombululo ezingabizi kakhulu kubaboneleli beenkonzo kunye nabasebenzisi bokugqibela.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Juni-21-2022