Xa ukubala kusondela kwimida ebonakalayo yesantya sewotshi, sijika siye kwiindlela zokwakha ezininzi. Xa unxibelelwano lusondela kwimida ebonakalayo yesantya sokudlulisa, sijika siye kwiinkqubo ze-antenna ezininzi. Ziziphi iingenelo ezikhokelele izazinzulu kunye neenjineli ukuba zikhethe ii-antenna ezininzi njengesiseko se-5G kunye nolunye unxibelelwano olungenazingcingo? Nangona ukwahlukahlukana kwendawo kwakuyimbangela yokuqala yokongeza ii-antenna kwizikhululo zesiseko, kwafunyaniswa phakathi kweminyaka yoo-1990 ukuba ukufaka ii-antenna ezininzi kwicala le-Tx kunye/okanye le-Rx kwavula amanye amathuba awayengenakubonwa kwangaphambili ngeenkqubo ze-antenna enye. Ngoku masichaze iindlela ezintathu eziphambili kulo mxholo.
**Ukwenza imisebe**
I-Beamforming yiteknoloji ephambili apho kusekelwe khona umaleko obonakalayo weenethiwekhi zeselula ze-5G. Kukho iintlobo ezimbini ezahlukeneyo ze-beamforming:
Ukwenziwa kwemisebe yeklasikhi, okwaziwa ngokuba yiLine-of-Sight (LoS) okanye ukwenziwa kwemisebe yenyama
Ukwenziwa kwe-beamforming ngokubanzi, okwaziwa ngokuba yi-Non-Line-of-Sight (NLoS) okanye i-virtual beamforming
Ingcamango engasemva kwezi ntlobo zombini ze-beamforming kukusebenzisa ii-antenna ezininzi ukuphucula amandla esignali kumsebenzisi othile, ngelixa ucinezela imiqondiso evela kwimithombo ephazamisayo. Njengomzekelo, izihluzi zedijithali zitshintsha umxholo wesignali kwidomeyini yefrikhwensi kwinkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yi-spectral filtering. Ngendlela efanayo, i-beamforming itshintsha umxholo wesignali kwidomeyini yespatial. Yingakho ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-spatial filtering.
Ukwenziwa kwemisebe ngokwasemzimbeni kunembali ende kwii-algorithms zokucubungula imiqondiso kwiinkqubo ze-sonar kunye ne-radar. Ivelisa imisebe yokwenyani kwindawo yokudlulisela okanye yokwamkela kwaye ngaloo ndlela inxulumene ngokusondeleyo ne-angle of arrival (AoA) okanye i-angle of departure (AoD) yesignali. Njengendlela i-OFDM edala ngayo imijelo ehambelanayo kwi-frequency domain, ukwenziwa kwemisebe ngokwasemzimbeni okanye ngokwasemzimbeni kudala imisebe ehambelanayo kwi-angular domain.
Kwelinye icala, kwindlela elula yokwenziwa kwayo, ukwenza imisebe ngokubanzi okanye ebonakalayo kuthetha ukuhambisa (okanye ukufumana) imiqondiso efanayo evela kwi-antenna nganye ye-Tx (okanye i-Rx) ngezigaba ezifanelekileyo kunye nobunzima bokufumana ukuze amandla esignali anyuswe kakhulu kumsebenzisi othile. Ngokungafaniyo nokulawula umqadi ngendlela ethile, ukudluliselwa okanye ukwamkelwa kwenzeka kuzo zonke iindlela, kodwa isitshixo kukongeza ngokwakhayo iikopi ezininzi zesignali kwicala lokwamkela ukunciphisa iziphumo zokuphela kweendlela ezininzi.
**Ukudibanisa Izinto Ezininzi**
Kwimo ye-spatial multiplexing, umjelo wedatha yokufaka wahlulwe waba yimijelo emininzi ehambelanayo kwindawo yesithuba, kwaye umjelo ngamnye udluliselwa kwiityathanga ezahlukeneyo ze-Tx. Ukuba nje iindlela zetshaneli zivela kwii-engile ezahlukeneyo kwi-antenna ze-Rx, ngaphandle kokunxibelelana, iindlela zokucubungula isignali yedijithali (DSP) zinokuguqula i-wireless medium ibe yimijelo ehambelanayo ezimeleyo. Le mo ye-MIMO ibe yeyona nto iphambili yokunyuka komlinganiselo wedatha kwiinkqubo zanamhlanje ezingenazingcingo, kuba ulwazi oluzimeleyo ludluliselwa ngaxeshanye ukusuka kwi-antenna ezininzi nge-bandwidth efanayo. Ii-algorithms zokufumanisa ezifana ne-zero forcing (ZF) zahlula iimpawu ze-modulation ekuphazamisekeni kwezinye ii-antenna.
Njengoko kubonisiwe kumfanekiso, kwi-WiFi MU-MIMO, imijelo yedatha emininzi idluliselwa ngaxeshanye kubasebenzisi abaninzi ukusuka kwii-antenna ezininzi zokudlulisa.
**Ukubhala iikhowudi ngexesha lesithuba**
Kule ndlela, kusetyenziswa iindlela ezikhethekileyo zokubhala iikhowudi kulo lonke ixesha kunye nee-antenna xa kuthelekiswa neenkqubo ze-antenna enye, ukuphucula ukwahluka kwesignali yokufumana ngaphandle kokulahleka kwesantya sedatha kwi-receiver. Iikhowudi zesithuba-xesha zonyusa ukwahluka kwendawo ngaphandle kwesidingo soqikelelo lwetshaneli kwi-transmitter ene-antenna ezininzi.
I-Concept Microwave ngumvelisi ochwephesha wezixhobo ze-5G RF kwiinkqubo ze-Antenna eTshayina, kubandakanya isihluzo se-RF lowpass, isihluzo se-highpass, isihluzo se-bandpass, isihluzo se-notch/i-band stop, i-duplexer, i-Power divider kunye ne-directional coupler. Zonke zingenziwa ngokwezifiso ngokweemfuno zakho.
Wamkelekile kwiwebhu yethu:www.concept-mw.comokanye usithumelele i-imeyile ku:sales@concept-mw.com
Ixesha leposi: Feb-29-2024